| year | source | type | team | rank | view rankings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | FanGraphs | Team | Chicago Cubs | 17 | View Rankings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | Baseball America | Team | Tampa Bay Rays | 19 | View Rankings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 record(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| year | team name | league | level | mlb | # | age | w | l | era | g | gs | cg | sho | gr | gf | sv | ip | h | r | er | hr | bb | so | wp | bk | hb | whip | h9 | hr9 | bb9 | so9 | ra9 | so/bb |
| 2017 | Harvard | Ivy | NCAA-1 | Fr | 30 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 6.00 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 15.0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.60 | 9.00 | 0.00 | 5.40 | 7.80 | 6.00 | 1.44 |
| 2018 | Harvard | Ivy | NCAA-1 | So | 30 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 3.03 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 29.2 | 31 | 16 | 10 | 0 | 19 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.69 | 9.40 | 0.00 | 5.76 | 9.40 | 4.85 | 1.63 |
| 2019 | Harvard | Ivy | NCAA-1 | Jr | 30 | 21 | 7 | 1 | 4.72 | 11 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68.2 | 67 | 42 | 36 | 3 | 36 | 67 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 1.50 | 8.78 | 0.39 | 4.72 | 8.78 | 5.50 | 1.86 |
| 2019 | Arizona Cubs | Ariz | Rk | CHN | - | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 9.00 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 2019 | Eugene Emeralds | Nwst | A- | CHN | - | 21 | 2 | 0 | 1.20 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 15.0 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.93 | 3.60 | 0.60 | 4.80 | 12.00 | 1.20 | 2.50 |
| 2021 | South Bend Cubs | Midw2 | A+ | CHN | 34 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 5.66 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 20.2 | 19 | 16 | 13 | 4 | 17 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1.74 | 8.27 | 1.74 | 7.40 | 12.63 | 6.97 | 1.71 |
| 2022 | South Bend Cubs | Midw2 | A+ | CHN | 9 | 24 | 6 | 2 | 4.82 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 18 | 7 | 37.1 | 29 | 21 | 20 | 5 | 24 | 47 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1.42 | 6.99 | 1.21 | 5.79 | 11.33 | 5.06 | 1.96 |
| 2022 | Tennessee Smokies | Sou2 | AA | CHN | 38 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 6.32 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 15.2 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 1 | 14 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1.85 | 8.62 | 0.57 | 8.04 | 13.21 | 6.32 | 1.64 |
| 2023 | Tennessee Smokies | Sou2 | AA | CHN | 21,43 | 25 | 3 | 1 | 3.50 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 10 | 2 | 43.2 | 34 | 18 | 17 | 3 | 21 | 56 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1.26 | 7.01 | 0.62 | 4.33 | 11.54 | 3.71 | 2.67 |
| 2023 | Iowa Cubs | IL2 | AAA | CHN | 16 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 8.71 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 10.1 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2.42 | 10.45 | 0.87 | 11.32 | 10.45 | 8.71 | 0.92 |
| 2024 | ACL Cubs | ACL | Rk | CHN | 32 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2024 | South Bend Cubs | Midw2 | A+ | CHN | 17 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 9.00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 27.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 9.00 | 0.00 |
| 2024 | Durham Bulls | IL2 | AAA | TBA | 24 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 5.40 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 6.2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.20 | 6.75 | 4.05 | 4.05 | 21.60 | 5.40 | 5.33 |
| 2024 | Iowa Cubs | IL2 | AAA | CHN | 37 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0.68 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 13.1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.68 | 2.03 | 0.68 | 4.05 | 13.50 | 0.68 | 3.33 |
| 2024 | Chicago Cubs | NL | MLB | CHN | 47 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2.70 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3.1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 8.10 | 0.00 | 5.40 | 13.50 | 2.70 | 2.50 |
| 2024 | Tampa Bay Rays | AL | MLB | TBA | 43 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2.57 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 14.0 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.21 | 9.00 | 1.29 | 1.93 | 12.21 | 2.57 | 6.33 |
| 2025 | Tampa Bay Rays | AL | MLB | TBA | 43 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2.40 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 15.0 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.07 | 6.60 | 2.40 | 3.00 | 7.20 | 2.40 | 2.40 |
| Tot: | MLB (2 yrs) | MLB | 0 | 0 | 2.51 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 31 | 1 | 32.1 | 28 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1.18 | 7.79 | 1.67 | 2.78 | 10.02 | 2.51 | 3.60 | ||||
| Tot: | AL (2 yrs) | AL | 0 | 0 | 2.48 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 27 | 1 | 29.0 | 25 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1.14 | 7.76 | 1.86 | 2.48 | 9.62 | 2.48 | 3.88 | ||||
| Tot: | NL (1 yrs) | NL | 0 | 0 | 2.70 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3.1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 8.10 | 0.00 | 5.40 | 13.50 | 2.70 | 2.50 | ||||
| Tot: | Minors (5 yrs) | Minors | 14 | 6 | 4.29 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 131 | 21 | 165.2 | 127 | 84 | 79 | 19 | 108 | 228 | 24 | 3 | 5 | 1.42 | 6.90 | 1.03 | 5.87 | 12.39 | 4.56 | 2.11 | ||||
| Tot: | Rk (2 yrs) | Rk | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 4.50 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 13.50 | 0.00 | 1.50 | ||||
| Tot: | A- (1 yrs) | A- | 2 | 0 | 1.20 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 15.0 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.93 | 3.60 | 0.60 | 4.80 | 12.00 | 1.20 | 2.50 | ||||
| Tot: | A+ (3 yrs) | A+ | 7 | 4 | 5.19 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 47 | 8 | 59.0 | 51 | 38 | 34 | 9 | 41 | 78 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1.56 | 7.78 | 1.37 | 6.25 | 11.90 | 5.80 | 1.90 | ||||
| Tot: | AA (2 yrs) | AA | 4 | 1 | 4.25 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 43 | 5 | 59.1 | 49 | 29 | 28 | 4 | 35 | 79 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 1.42 | 7.43 | 0.61 | 5.31 | 11.98 | 4.40 | 2.26 | ||||
| Tot: | AAA (2 yrs) | AAA | 1 | 1 | 4.45 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 31 | 8 | 30.1 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 22 | 48 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1.38 | 5.93 | 1.48 | 6.53 | 14.24 | 4.45 | 2.18 | ||||
| Tot: | College (3 yrs) | College | 11 | 3 | 4.45 | 29 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 113.1 | 113 | 68 | 56 | 3 | 64 | 111 | 16 | 1 | 7 | 1.56 | 8.97 | 0.24 | 5.08 | 8.81 | 5.40 | 1.73 | ||||
| Avg: | MLB - 162 Inning avg | MLB | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 162 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | ||||
| Avg: | Minors - 162 Inning avg | College | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 162 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | ||||
| Avg: | College - 162 Inning avg | College | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 162 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 |
| year | team name | league | category | age | w | l | era | g | gs | cg | sho | gr | gf | sv | ip | h | r | er | hr | bb | so | wp | bk | hb | whip | h9 | hr9 | bb9 | so9 | ra9 | so/bb |
| 2017 | Orange County Riptide | California Collegiate League | College Summer | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2.77 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 13.0 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 4.85 | 0.00 | 4.15 | 7.62 | 2.77 | 1.83 |
| 2018 | Duluth Huskies | Northwoods League | College Summer | 20 | 4 | 2 | 3.14 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51.2 | 47 | 21 | 18 | 4 | 18 | 52 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1.26 | 8.19 | 0.70 | 3.14 | 9.06 | 3.66 | 2.89 |
| 2022 | Tennessee | Minor Playoffs | Minor_Playoffs | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3.50 | 13.50 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 9.00 | 4.50 | 0.50 |
| 2023 | Chicago Cubs | MLB Spring Training | Spring | 25 | 0 | 0 | 27.00 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.00 | 27.00 | 0.00 | 27.00 | 13.50 | 27.00 | 0.50 |
| 2024 | Chicago Cubs | MLB Spring Training | Spring | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3.1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.60 | 5.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2025 | Tampa Bay Rays | MLB Spring Training | Spring | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2.45 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 7.1 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.09 | 8.59 | 0.00 | 1.23 | 7.36 | 2.45 | 6.00 |
| Tot: | CollegeSummer (2 Yrs) | CollegeSummer | 4 | 2 | 3.06 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 64.2 | 54 | 25 | 22 | 4 | 24 | 63 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 1.21 | 7.52 | 0.56 | 3.34 | 8.77 | 3.48 | 2.63 | ||
| Tot: | Minor_Playoffs (1 Yrs) | Minor_Playoffs | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2.0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3.50 | 13.50 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 9.00 | 4.50 | 0.50 | ||
| Tot: | Spring (3 Yrs) | Spring | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 12.0 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 9.75 | 0.00 | 3.75 | 10.50 | 4.50 | 2.80 |
| year | team name | league | level | mlb | # | age | pos | tbc+ | g | ab | r | h | 2b | 3b | hr | rbi | sb | cs | bb | so | hbp | sh | sf | ibb | gdp | tb | pa | xbh | 1b | avg | obp | slg | ops | seca | iso | babip | bb% | so% | so/bb | ab/hr |
| 2018 | Harvard | Ivy | NCAA-1 | So | 30 | 20 | P | 109 | 40 | 150 | 29 | 41 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 38 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 171 | 13 | 28 | .273 | .357 | .420 | .777 | .240 | .147 | .339 | 8.19 | 22.22 | 2.71 | 37.50 |
| 2019 | Harvard | Ivy | NCAA-1 | Jr | 30 | 21 | P | 112 | 38 | 144 | 21 | 46 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 74 | 163 | 14 | 32 | .319 | .368 | .514 | .882 | .292 | .195 | .345 | 7.98 | 17.79 | 2.23 | 20.57 |
| Tot: | College (2 yrs) | College | 78 | 294 | 50 | 87 | 15 | 1 | 11 | 56 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 67 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 137 | 334 | 27 | 60 | .296 | .362 | .466 | .828 | .265 | .170 | .342 | 8.08 | 20.06 | 2.48 | 26.73 | ||||||
| Avg: | College - 162 game avg | College | 162 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 | 🔒 |
| year | team name | league | category | age | g | ab | r | h | 2b | 3b | hr | rbi | sb | cs | bb | so | hbp | sh | sf | ibb | gdp | tb | pa | xbh | 1b | avg | obp | slg | ops | seca | iso | babip | bb% | so% | so/bb | ab/hr |
| 2017 | Orange County Riptide | California Collegiate League | College Summer | 19 | 10 | 20 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 25 | 0 | 6 | .300 | .440 | .300 | .740 | .100 | .000 | .429 | 8.00 | 24.00 | 3.00 | 0.00 |
| 2018 | Duluth Huskies | Northwoods League | College Summer | 20 | 28 | 82 | 13 | 23 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 31 | 95 | 8 | 15 | .280 | .368 | .378 | .746 | .195 | .098 | .359 | 6.32 | 20.00 | 3.17 | 0.00 |
| Tot: | CollegeSummer (2 Yrs) | CollegeSummer | 38 | 102 | 17 | 29 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 25 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 37 | 120 | 8 | 21 | .284 | .383 | .363 | .746 | .176 | .078 | .372 | 6.67 | 20.83 | 3.13 |
| Strikeouts | Walks | Hittable | SO/BB | vs Power | Durability | Team Success |
| 86 | 35 | 65 | 53 | 65 | 61 | .474 |